Which of the following best describes the resolution and receivership rules?

The description of resolution and receivership rules accurately reflects the processes in place for managing failing banks. These rules are critical in ensuring that when a bank encounters financial difficulties, there is a structured approach to minimize the impact on the financial system, protect depositors, and stabilize the institution, if possible.

Resolution refers to the strategies and steps taken to deal with a financial institution that is nearing failure, while receivership involves placing the institution under the control of a receiver who manages its assets and liabilities with the goal of settling debts and maximizing recovery for creditors. This ensures that operations can continue in an orderly manner while addressing the issues that have led to the bank's difficulties.

The other options do not encompass the core focus of resolution and receivership. Mergers and acquisitions pertain to the combining of financial institutions rather than managing failures. Loan restructuring deals with altering the terms of loans to assist borrowers or the bank itself but does not directly address the outright failure of a bank. Customer data protection pertains to the management of sensitive customer information, which is outside the context of resolution and receivership processes.